I combined your answers to make it working quite well. Thank you very much!
It is working with this code:
\documentclass[a4paper, 12pt, parskip]{scrreprt}
\usepackage{changepage}
\usepackage{calc}
\newenvironment{indentitemi}{\begin{adjustwidth}{\labelwidth-\widthof{\labelitemi}}{0pt}}{\end{adjustwidth}}
\begin{document}
This is a normal text that should be left aligned.
\begin{indentitemi}
This is another text over multiple lines that I want to have aligned equally to the bullets of the following list:
\end{indentitemi}
\begin{itemize}
\item This is item 1.
\item And this is a second item.
\end{itemize}
\end{document}
Two additional remarks:
• If you are using the lmodern package, you have to redefine the bullet as first-level item label. Because the latin modern font add some space left and right to the bullet. Thus the indentation still looks bad.
To get rid of that, use this modification:
\renewcommand\labelitemi{\(\vcenter{\hbox{\scriptsize\(\bullet\)}}\)}
• If you are inside a theorem-like environment like definition, the value for \labelwidth is set to zero, so it is not useable. Thats why you need an adjusted version of the indentation environment:
\newenvironment{indentitemi}{\begin{adjustwidth}{\leftmargin-\labelsep-\widthof{\labelitemi}}{0pt}}{\end{adjustwidth}}
:-(– campa Mar 04 '20 at 19:36