Ok, let's write a document!
$ vim thesis.tex
i[input a whole bunch of latex and text]<Esc>ZZ
$ pdflatex thesis
$ ls
thesis.acn thesis.alg thesis.bbl thesis.dvi thesis.glo thesis.ilg
thesis.ist thesis.pdf thesis.toc thesis.acr thesis.aux thesis.blg
thesis.glg thesis.gls thesis.ind thesis.log thesis.tex
What are all of these files? I only wanted my document!
Ok, ok, so you can see that I've used pdflatex and latex, and I'm obviously using a few common packages (e.g. glossaries) and bibtex. Nevertheless, it'd be great to know what these files (and similar files for other common packages) are for, and whether there's any reason to keep them.
thesis.idx? (And no.lof,.lot,.toc,.tmb,...?) But I really support your idea of a CW question/answer list for this! – Stephen Apr 25 '12 at 10:01pdflatex, then they can all be re-generated bypdflatex.... – Willie Wong Apr 25 '12 at 14:56