patchcmd with if condtion

Question

I've had the problem, that I needed a prefix in my list of figures/tables, but fortunately I found this solution. I work with the fancyhdr package, so I need the tocloft package with the title option. I use it for my list of symbols and equations only. But no bad, because I make use of the code from "Mico" (same thread):

\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd{\@caption}{\csname the#1\endcsname}{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname:}{}{}
\renewcommand*\l@figure{\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{4.5em}} % default for 3rd arg: 2.3em
\let\l@table\l@figure % as in article.cls
\makeatother

It works basically, but the list shows all figures/tables, even the ones who are hidden with \caption[]{example}:

This is a huge problem, that I can't solve. I'm a LaTeX beginner, but I think the \patchcdm just need a condition?! Any ideas?

---

Edit 1: Adding an example

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd{\@caption}{\csname the#1\endcsname}{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname:}{}{}
\renewcommand*\l@figure{\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{4.5em}} % default for 3rd arg: 2.3em
\let\l@table\l@figure % as in article.cls
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\listoffigures
\listoftables
\begin{figure}[h]
\caption{list this figure}
\centering show
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[h]
\caption[]{don't list this figure}
\centering hide
\end{figure}
\begin{table}[h]
\caption[]{don't list this table}
\centering hide
\end{table}
\begin{table}[h]
\caption{list this table}
\centering show
\end{table}
\end{document}