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I hope somebody can help me. I have problems with my code. Im starting with latex but im getting crazy. I created some tables but i have problems with them. I cant write under the last table, 2 new pages appear and the index is out of range for some reason.

Can someone lend me a hand? :) This is the whole code: %=================================================================


% For posting an early version of this manuscript as a preprint, you may use "preprints" as the journal and change "submit" to "accept". The document class line would be, e.g., \documentclass[preprints,article,accept,moreauthors,pdftex]{mdpi}. This is especially recommended for submission to arXiv, where line numbers should be removed before posting. For preprints.org, the editorial staff will make this change immediately prior to posting.

%-------------------- % Class Options: %-------------------- %---------- % informatics %---------- % Choose between the following MDPI journals: % acoustics, actuators, addictions, admsci, adolescents, aerospace, agriculture, agriengineering, agronomy, ai, algorithms, allergies, analytica, animals, antibiotics, antibodies, antioxidants, appliedchem, applmech, applmicrobiol, applnano, applsci, arts, asi, atmosphere, atoms, audiolres, automation, axioms, batteries, bdcc, behavsci, beverages, biochem, bioengineering, biologics, biology, biomechanics, biomedicines, biomedinformatics, biomimetics, biomolecules, biophysica, biosensors, biotech, birds, bloods, brainsci, buildings, businesses, cancers, carbon, cardiogenetics, catalysts, cells, ceramics, challenges, chemengineering, chemistry, chemosensors, chemproc, children, civileng, cleantechnol, climate, clinpract, clockssleep, cmd, coatings, colloids, compounds, computation, computers, condensedmatter, conservation, constrmater, cosmetics, crops, cryptography, crystals, curroncol, cyber, dairy, data, dentistry, dermato, dermatopathology, designs, diabetology, diagnostics, digital, disabilities, diseases, diversity, dna, drones, dynamics, earth, ebj, ecologies, econometrics, economies, education, ejihpe, electricity, electrochem, electronicmat, electronics, encyclopedia, endocrines, energies, eng, engproc, entropy, environments, environsciproc, epidemiologia, epigenomes, fermentation, fibers, fire, fishes, fluids, foods, forecasting, forensicsci, forests, fractalfract, fuels, futureinternet, futuretransp, futurepharmacol, futurephys, galaxies, games, gases, gastroent, gastrointestdisord, gels, genealogy, genes, geographies, geohazards, geomatics, geosciences, geotechnics, geriatrics, hazardousmatters, healthcare, hearts, hemato, heritage, highthroughput, histories, horticulturae, humanities, hydrogen, hydrology, hygiene, idr, ijerph, ijfs, ijgi, ijms, ijns, ijtm, ijtpp, immuno, informatics, information, infrastructures, inorganics, insects, instruments, inventions, iot, j, jcdd, jcm, jcp, jcs, jdb, jfb, jfmk, jimaging, jintelligence, jlpea, jmmp, jmp, jmse, jne, jnt, jof, joitmc, jor, journalmedia, jox, jpm, jrfm, jsan, jtaer, jzbg, kidney, land, languages, laws, life, liquids, literature, livers, logistics, lubricants, machines, macromol, magnetism, magnetochemistry, make, marinedrugs, materials, materproc, mathematics, mca, measurements, medicina, medicines, medsci, membranes, metabolites, metals, metrology, micro, microarrays, microbiolres, micromachines, microorganisms, minerals, mining, modelling, molbank, molecules, mps, mti, nanoenergyadv, nanomanufacturing, nanomaterials, ncrna, network, neuroglia, neurolint, neurosci, nitrogen, notspecified, nri, nursrep, nutrients, obesities, oceans, ohbm, onco, oncopathology, optics, oral, organics, osteology, oxygen, parasites, parasitologia, particles, pathogens, pathophysiology, pediatrrep, pharmaceuticals, pharmaceutics, pharmacy, philosophies, photochem, photonics, physchem, physics, physiolsci, plants, plasma, pollutants, polymers, polysaccharides, proceedings, processes, prosthesis, proteomes, psych, psychiatryint, publications, quantumrep, quaternary, qubs, radiation, reactions, recycling, regeneration, religions, remotesensing, reports, reprodmed, resources, risks, robotics, safety, sci, scipharm, sensors, separations, sexes, signals, sinusitis, smartcities, sna, societies, socsci, soilsystems, solids, sports, standards, stats, stresses, surfaces, surgeries, suschem, sustainability, symmetry, systems, taxonomy, technologies, telecom, textiles, thermo, tourismhosp, toxics, toxins, transplantology, traumas, tropicalmed, universe, urbansci, uro, vaccines, vehicles, vetsci, vibration, viruses, vision, water, wevj, women, world

%--------- % article %--------- % The default type of manuscript is "article", but can be replaced by: % abstract, addendum, article, book, bookreview, briefreport, casereport, comment, commentary, communication, conferenceproceedings, correction, conferencereport, entry, expressionofconcern, extendedabstract, datadescriptor, editorial, essay, erratum, hypothesis, interestingimage, obituary, opinion, projectreport, reply, retraction, review, perspective, protocol, shortnote, studyprotocol, systematicreview, supfile, technicalnote, viewpoint, guidelines, registeredreport, tutorial % supfile = supplementary materials

%------------------ % moreauthors %------------------ % If there is only one author the class option oneauthor should be used. Otherwise use the class option moreauthors.

%--------- % pdftex %--------- % The option pdftex is for use with pdfLaTeX. If eps figures are used, remove the option pdftex and use LaTeX and dvi2pdf.

%================================================================= % MDPI internal commands \firstpage{1} \makeatletter \setcounter{page}{@firstpage} \makeatother \pubvolume{xx} \issuenum{1} \articlenumber{5} \pubyear{2020} %\copyrightyear{none} %\externaleditor{Academic Editor: name} %\history{Received: date; Accepted: date; Published: date} %\updates{yes} % If there is an update available, un-comment this line

%================================================================= % Add packages and commands here. The following packages are loaded in our class file: fontenc, inputenc, calc, indentfirst, fancyhdr, graphicx, epstopdf, lastpage, ifthen, lineno, float, amsmath, setspace, enumitem, mathpazo, booktabs, titlesec, etoolbox, tabto, xcolor, soul, multirow, microtype, tikz, totcount, changepage, paracol, attrib, upgreek, cleveref, amsthm, hyphenat, natbib, hyperref, footmisc, url, geometry, newfloat, caption

%================================================================= %% Please use the following mathematics environments: Theorem, Lemma, Corollary, Proposition, Characterization, Property, Problem, Example, ExamplesandDefinitions, Hypothesis, Remark, Definition, Notation, Assumption %% For proofs, please use the proof environment (the amsthm package is loaded by the MDPI class).

%================================================================= \usepackage{multirow} \usepackage{paracol}

%Título \Title{Habits and risks in the use of social media in Spanish teenagers: a delphi study}

%Autor documento

\Author{Firstname Lastname}

% Autor para PDF \AuthorNames{Firstname Lastname}

% Abstract (Do not insert blank lines, i.e. \) \abstract{The habits of incorrect use of the social media by teenagers can have consequences for them as victims, but also as offenders. The objective is to know the vision of experts on the use of social networks by adolescents, of how their relationships are in social networks and what is the knowledge of these by the parents, as well as the actions of adolescents in conflictive and criminal situations. For this, a Delphi methodology has been used, in which 12 experts on adolescent problems related to the misuse of social networks have been surveyed. After two rounds, a high consensus was obtained in several dimensions of analysis (addiction, parental control, risk perception and attitudes), obtaining as a conclusion that there is a lack of knowledge on the part of adolescents of the consequences of an incorrect use of social media. The findings reveal the need for a change in the training of adolescents, since although they receive training on this subject in their educational centers, it follows that it does not manifest itself in a variation in their way of acting when using social networks.}

% Keywords \keyword{Social media, teenagers, cybercrime, addiction, training.}

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\begin{document}

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\section{Introduction}

\noindent This research aims to make an approach to the reality of the use that the child and teenagers population makes of social networks; in which new technologies are combined with the way of communicating and relating.\

\noindent In the first place, it is highlighted that social networks occupy a large part of the time that adolescents spend on the Internet: 59% on average according to the study by \textcolor{blue}{[\underline{3}]} being 30% in adolescents between 10 and 13 years old and reaching 82% in adolescents between 13 and 16 years old. In addition, 56% of adolescents have a profile on a social network according to \textcolor{blue}{[\underline{8}]}. The possibilities that social networks offer them as content generators and even the ability to create an identity with which they are comfortable and be able to share information with many people in their environment or outside of it, are some of the characteristics that they have made the use of social networks is popular among adolescents, who have gone from being content consumers to being content creators, especially multimedia \textcolor{blue}{[\underline{12}]}.\

\noindent Secondly, the relationships that occur in the RRSS are considered, on the one hand, it is shown that the need for acceptance by others is also transferred to social networks. As \textcolor{blue}{[\underline{21}]} points out, a kind of competition is created among adolescents to obtain the greatest possible approval from the nucleus of virtual friends.\

\noindent The viral content that young people access mostly have elements that ridicule someone or are violent in nature. Some of them encourage their repetition and are usually found on free access platforms such as YouTube. For example, the phenomenon known as happy slapping \textcolor{blue}{[\underline{23}]}, consisting of the recording of videos where a victim is added, humiliated and violent, stands out to later upload and share them on the network.\

\noindent According to \textcolor{blue}{[\underline{24}]} to the adolescents surveyed, someone had done or said something to them that they had disliked through the Internet being: 9.6% through WhatsApp, Messenger, etc., Social Networks 3.8 % and email 5.2%. This shows how abusive or harassing behaviors in the physical world are extrapolated to the virtual world.\

\noindent Thirdly, in the face of this positive aspect of social networks, conflictive and criminal situations in RRSS also stand out, with both short and long-term consequences, which unfortunately are on the rise in this vital stage. Since, they are usually the medium in which cyberbullying is practiced, being one of the people who threaten that individuals of this age segment may suffer to denigrate their image and spread it in a way that is echoed among a large public. Along the same lines \textcolor{blue}{[\underline{10}]}, it shows that approximately 8% of the adolescents surveyed recognize themselves as cyberbullying or cyber-victims. Between these two groups it is also observed that they make an increase in the use of ICT (Information and Communication Technologies), which is greater in the case of cyberbullies, who also present a greater dependence on these new technologies.\

\noindent Likewise, it is one of the most important sources for the collection of personal information from adolescents, whether for marketing or purely malicious purposes, since, in them, these subjects usually expose their entire lives. Specifically, video games are considered the simplest way for adults to establish contact with adolescents, for inappropriate purposes, such as grooming \textcolor{blue}{[\underline{15}]}. In turn, they cause a certain dependency, since they continually want to see what their friends are and expose what they do to feed their virtual profile. It can be a consequence of ignorance or unconsciousness related to their age, in which lack of maturity becomes a factor that increases exposure to this type of risk behavior.\

\noindent Studies such as \textcolor{blue}{[\underline{12}]} deal with the perception of risk by adolescents, defining themselves as “the ability to detect, identify and react to problematic situations when browsing the internet”. On the existence of this knowledge there are numerous relevant investigations such as \textcolor{blue}{[\underline{7}]}.\

\noindent Sexting is a voluntary practice, increasingly widespread among young people, which can lead to child pornography content. There is a double typology: on the one hand, the images or recordings can be made in a trusted environment, and they are directed only for one person; and on the other hand, photographs of the adolescent with a markedly sexual pose, which is shared through their social networks. In this case, it may be a crime of exhibitionism, which responds to a low awareness of the existing risk, as well as an excess of confidence on the part of the minor \textcolor{blue}{[\underline{19}]}.\

\noindent Prolonged exposure to digital content can have two immediate consequences: the first, access to inappropriate or harmful content for the minor and its development \textcolor{blue}{[\underline{6}]}, and the second, addiction to this type of content. The motivations that can lead to accessing inappropriate content are abundant and tend to have a common denominator of curiosity and the need of adolescents to assert themselves as independent adults, regardless of parental supervision.On the other hand, it is necessary to differentiate between access to harmful content, which is legal but harmful for the proper personal and social development of adolescents; and access to illegal topics, in which the protection of the minor can be done by legal means.\

\noindent This study is part of a wider investigation on the legal repercussions of the actions that adolescents carry out in social networks. The objective is to know the vision of experts on the use of social networks by adolescents, of how their relationships are in social networks and what is the knowledge of these by the parents, as well as the actions of adolescents in conflictive and criminal situations. \vspace{2cm}

\section{Materials and Methods}

\noindent This study was developed during the months of April to December 2019. The Delphi methodology was used to carry out this study, in which surveys will be carried out to experts in the domain of this research. The Delphi methodology falls within qualitative research techniques. This technique is widely used in studies in Social Sciences as pointed out \textcolor{blue}{[\underline{20}]}, belonging to the group of expert methods, in which it is based on the opinions of connoisseurs of the problem to be analyzed. A Delphi panel was carried out with two rounds, and a third round was not considered necessary, as it would not provide a significant improvement in the knowledge of the problem and it could lead to the abandonment of some of the experts [\textcolor{blue}{[\underline{1}]}-\textcolor{blue}{[\underline{14}]}, p.102). The criteria of qualitative studies (COREQ) \textcolor{blue}{[\underline{25}]} have been taken into account to report the study. Figure 1 shows the phases of the design used.

\begin{figure}[H] \caption{\label{fig1} \ Design and execution phases of the Delphi methodology used in the study.\ } \includegraphics[width=10.5 cm]{Definitions/Figura1.png} \ \centering{Source: Own elaboration based on \textcolor{blue}{[\underline{9}]}.} \end{figure}

\noindent Deliberate sampling is carried out, it is a non-probability sampling technique in which the members of the sample are chosen only because of the researcher´s knowledge and judgment \textcolor{blue}{[\underline{16}]}. It was decided in the first approach that 17 experts were an optimal number for the first round, since it is between the 7 and 30 recommended in \textcolor{blue}{[\underline{14}]}, and considering possible losses, 14 answered the first questionnaire and 12 the second questionnaire, taking into account all the responses obtained in each of the Delphi phases. In the first call, one person replied that her profile was not related to the investigation and another was left without an answer, in the second round both remained without response, and two did not continue.\vspace{0.5cm}

\noindent In the selection of the profiles of the experts (E), their training (researchers on adolescents, addiction, RRSS, among others) and their profession (directors of secondary institutes, tutors of public institutes and partners, social workers, psychologists, lawyers and police). Table 1 shows the list of anonymized experts, detailing the reason that prevailed for their selection: (1) closeness to the investigated group; (2) research on the subject; (3) knowledge of the subject and consequences.\vspace{2cm}

\begin{figure}[H] \caption{\label{fig1} \ Design and execution phases of the Delphi methodology used in the study.\ } \includegraphics[width=10.5 cm]{Definitions/Figura1.png} \ \centering{Source: Own elaboration based on \textcolor{blue}{[\underline{9}]}.} \end{figure}

\begin{quote} \begin{center} Source: Own elaboration. \end{center} \end{quote}

\subsection{Variables and Instruments}

To give the experts freedom to generate new ideas, in the first round, free-response questions were posed \textcolor{blue}{[\underline{17}]} Table \ref{tab2}, which allowed obtaining more complete answers \textcolor{blue}{[\underline{2}]}. The analysis of the responses allowed us to obtain a series of key concepts based on which the questionnaire for the second round will be articulated. \ The second round was developed during the months of October to December 2019, with the extraction, treatment and interpretation of the data taking place at the end of this. A closed formulation questionnaire with an assessment scale was used, to collect the consensus opinion. Possible responses to the second questionnaire consisted of assessing the degree of conformity with a statement by selecting a number from 1 to 5 that it was identified with being totally in disagreement (1) to totally agreeing (5) according to a Likert scale and using the IBM SPSS Statistics software the standard deviation of each item was analyzed, obtaining as a result the degree of consensus between the different experts. \ Following, Table \ref{tabla:fusionandoceldas} presents the list of topics, categorized by study dimensions (D): D1. Addiction to Social Media (SM): habit of dangerous behaviors or excessive consumption of time, which cannot be dispensed with or it is very difficult to do so for reasons of psychological or behavioral dependency. D2. Parental control: the knowledge of what the children do and the control they have over them is revealed as a fundamental piece in this problem. D3. Attitudinal: behavior that minors have on social networks and their relationship with those they have in offline life. D4. Risk perception: knowledge that minors have of the risks that their habits of use may have on social networks, as well as the consequences thereof.

\begin{table}[htb] \begin{tabular}{|l|l|} \hline \rowcolor[gray]{0.7}Dimension & Topic \ \hline \multirow{2}{3cm}{Addiction} & Too much time expensed in SM \ \cline{2-2} & Disconnection with real life \ \hline \multirow{4}{3cm}{Parental control}& Inefficient or incomplete parental control \ \cline{2-2} & Treatment with the problems with parents\ \cline{2-2} & Need of being always connected\ \cline{2-2} & Differences between online and offline life\ \hline

\multirow{3}{3cm}{Attitudinal} & Transcendence of offline life to online life \ \cline{2-2} & Change in the paradigm of interpersonal communication\ \cline{2-2} & Need of appreciation in SM\ \hline

\multirow{10}{3cm}{Risk perception} & Sense of freedom \ \cline{2-2} & Sense of impunity\ \cline{2-2} & Sense of being anonymous\ \cline{2-2} & Lack of knowledge of the concept of digital identity\ \cline{2-2} & Ignorance of the consequences of their actions\ \cline{2-2} & Ignorance of the nature of their actions\ \cline{2-2} & Type of shared material\ \cline{2-2} & Multiplying effect of SM\ \cline{2-2} & Normalization of violent, sexist and racist content\ \cline{2-2} & Ignorance of the risks related to SM\ \hline

\end{tabular} \caption{Source: Own elaboration.} \label{tabla:fusionandoceldas} \end{table}

\subsection{Procedure and ethical aspects}

\end{document}```

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    I tried to copy & paste your code but I cannot compile it (\firstpage{1} command unknown). Is this a LaTeX document? Plus, maybe boil down the code so that it only includes the relevant parts, see https://tex.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/228. – Dr. Manuel Kuehner May 08 '21 at 01:35
  • The code you posted is missing its \documentclass. – leandriis May 08 '21 at 06:23
  • Apart from issues related to the image placement, there are quite a few issues in your code that you may want to address. Especially, do not end a paragraph of text with \\. You currently also start each paragraph with \noindent. Since you seem to use a journal's documentclass, I assume, you want to publish you work in this specific journal. If that assumption is correct, do not alter their predefined layout.´, so remove all instanced of \noindent. – leandriis May 08 '21 at 06:29
  • Also, do not use \\ inside of a \caption and place figure's captions below the image instead of above. – leandriis May 08 '21 at 06:31
  • The MDPI template, which I assume you use, seems to use the natbib package for citations, so code such as [\textcolor{blue}{[\underline{1}]}-\textcolor{blue}{[\underline{14}]}, p.102). or \textcolor{blue}{[\underline{20}]} should be replaced with the appropriate \cite commands. – leandriis May 08 '21 at 06:33
  • @leandriis Aahhh, I didn't see the forest because of all the trees :). – Dr. Manuel Kuehner May 08 '21 at 15:34
  • Since there are so many issues at once, maybe first talk to one of your peers and talk about Latex and the template. If you are just starting then consider to get and read a recent book about Latex. Otherwise you will probably encounter problems on an hourly basis. See https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/11/what-are-good-learning-resources-for-a-latex-beginner. – Dr. Manuel Kuehner May 08 '21 at 15:36
  • The code you posted did produce a typescript output (via pdflatex) but one which nobody would ever use, and certainly not publish. I suggest you contact the authors of the template. – Peter Wilson May 09 '21 at 18:00

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