I'm asking the question again since I encounter the same issue using book class. Therefore, it doesn't seem to be related to a compatibility issue between titlesec and KOMA-script.
What is the problem? For each \section* or \subsection*that appears in the document, there is this error message:
pl.53 ...on*{Peut-on lire facilement le gaélique?}
A number should have been here; I inserted
0'. (If you can't figure out why I needed to see a number, look upweird error' in the index to The TeXbook.)
Here is the MWE I'm using.
\documentclass[12pt,openright]{book}
\usepackage[a5paper]{geometry}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\usepackage{palatino}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage{setspace}
\linespread{1.2}
\usepackage[dvipsnames]{xcolor}
\newcommand\gae[1]{\textcolor{NavyBlue}{\textbf{#1}}}
\usepackage{tipa}
\usepackage{gensymb}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\usepackage[many]{tcolorbox}
\AtBeginEnvironment{tcolorbox}{\small}
\usepackage[explicit]{titlesec}
\usepackage{tikz}
% CHAPTER
\newlength\chapnumb
\setlength\chapnumb{3cm}
\titleformat{\chapter}[block] {
\normalfont\sffamily}{}{0pt} {
\parbox[b]{\chapnumb}{
\fontsize{120}{110}\selectfont\thechapter}
\parbox[b]{\dimexpr\textwidth-\chapnumb\relax}{
\raggedleft
\hfill{{\color{blue!50!black}\LARGE#1}}\
\rule{\dimexpr\textwidth-\chapnumb\relax}{0.4pt} } }
\titlespacing{\chapter}{0pt}{1}{2}
% Section
\titleformat{name=\chapter,numberless}[block]
{\normalfont\sffamily}{}{0pt}
{\parbox[b]{\chapnumb}{%
\mbox{}}%
\parbox[b]{\dimexpr\textwidth-\chapnumb\relax}
{%
\raggedleft%
\hfill{{\color{blue!10!black}\LARGE#1}}\
{\color{blue}\rule{\dimexpr\textwidth-\chapnumb\relax}{0.4pt}}}}
%%%%% SECTION
\newcommand{\hsp}{\hspace{8pt}}
\titleformat{name=\section, numberless}
[hang]
{\fontsize{14pt}{}}
{}
{0pt}
{\tikz\node[draw=white, inner xsep=0pt,inner ysep=0.3ex,left color=gray!60!white,right color=white!90!black]{\hsp {\color{black!20!blue}\textsc{#1}} \hsp{}};}
%%%%% SUBSECTION
\titleformat{name=\subsection, numberless}[block]
{\fontsize{13pt}}
{}
{0pt}
{\textsc{#1}}
\usepackage{microtype}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{document}
\chapter{Gaelic from Scotland}
\lipsum[1-3]
\section{Gàidhlig}
\lipsum[1-3]
\subsection*{The vowel combinations}
\lipsum[1-3]
\tableofcontents
\end{document}
The error disappears if I use a label such as \thesection instead of an empty argument in \titleformat.
However it adds a numbering whereas I wish to have numblerless chapter, section... titles.
Any help will be greatly appreciated!

titlesecseem to be incompatible, you should probably choose one or the other. – Marijn Aug 03 '21 at 13:15\addchapbut not with\addsed. That's why I thought it may not be directly related to the use of KOMA-script. I will change the class and see whether it solves the issue. – Cedric Aug 03 '21 at 13:49titlesecside that the issue comes from. – Cedric Aug 03 '21 at 14:16bookclass and a sentence or two in the edited question that this does not seem to be a compatibility issue between KOMAscript andtitlesec. When you make that edit the question is automatically put in a reopen queue where high-reputation users can vote to reopen the question (and then the answer box becomes available again for answers). – Marijn Aug 03 '21 at 19:47