Special characters like "ń" and "ł" aren't shown in bibliography. I checked the raw logs and found it:
- Missing character: There is no ł ("142) in font ntx-Regular-tlf-t1!
- Missing character: There is no ń ("144) in font ntx-Regular-tlf-t1!
This is the code:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{newtxmath}
\usepackage{newtxtext}
\usepackage{biblatex}
\begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}
@book{Wierzchon2018,
author = {Wierzcho{'n}, S{\l}awomir T. and K{\l}opotek, Mieczys{\l}aw A.},
title = {Modern Algorithms of Cluster Analysis},
series = {Studies in Big Data},
number = {34},
year = {2018},
publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
address = {Cham},
isbn = {978-3-319-69308-8},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-69308-8},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69308-8},
}
\end{filecontents}
\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}
\begin{document}
Correct:
Wierzcho{'n} and K{\l}opotek \parencite{Wierzchon2018}
\printbibliography
\end{document}

biblatexpackage you employ. (FWIW, on my MacTeX2021 system, all updates applied, i get the information that I'm usingbiblatex 2020/12/31 v3.16.) – Mico Jan 30 '22 at 01:19fontspecpackage instead of thefontencpackage? – Mico Jan 30 '22 at 05:00fontspecpackage before running\usepackage{newtxtext, newtxmath}? – Mico Jan 30 '22 at 07:18