Overfull \hbox (242.24484pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 18--59

Question

\documentclass[10pt]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage[version=4]{mhchem}
\usepackage{stmaryrd}
\usepackage{multirow}

\begin{document}
\subsection{Sports Nutrition-Related Behavior, Overall Dietary Intake, and Physical Activity}
For the sports nutrition global score, we found weak evidence $\left(\mathrm{BF}_{\text {incl }}=2.75\right)$ for the interaction effect between group and measurement time point (FUEL: $1.7 \pm 0.5$ at week 0 and $2.2 \pm 0.4$ at week $17 ;$ CON: $1.9 \pm 0.4$ at week 0 and $2.0 \pm 0.4$ at week 17 ). Similarly, we found weak support for an interaction effect between group and measurement time point for total energy intake, and carbohydrates (g/day and $\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{kg} /$ day), protein (g/day and $\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{kg} /$ day), and fat (E\%) intake (Table 4 ).

Table 4. Dietary characteristics for the intervention (FUEL) and control (CON) group.

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c}
\hline
\multirow[b]{2}{*}{Dietary Intake} & \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{FUEL} & \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{$\mathrm{CON}$} & \multirow[b]{2}{*}{$\mathbf{B F}_{\text {incl }}$} \\
\hline
 & Week 0 & Week 17 & \begin{tabular}{c}
within Group \\
Difference \\
\end{tabular} & Week 0 & Week 17 & \begin{tabular}{c}
within Group \\
Difference \\
\end{tabular} &  \\
\hline
Energy intake (kcal/day) & $2588 \pm 528$ & $2726 \pm 547$ & $138 \pm 453$ & $2455 \pm 482$ & $2300 \pm 449$ & $-155 \pm 396$ & 1.03 \\
\hline
\multirow{3}{*}{}\begin{tabular}{l}
Carbohydrates (g/day) \\
Carbohydrates (g/kg/day) \\
Carbohydrates (E\%) \\
\end{tabular} & $290 \pm 68$ & $326 \pm 88$ & $36 \pm 74$ & $285 \pm 65$ & $280 \pm 74$ & $-6 \pm 62$ & 1.09 \\
\hline
 & $4.8 \pm 1.0$ & $5.5 \pm 1.4$ & $0.6 \pm 1.3$ & $4.8 \pm 1.0$ & $4.7 \pm 1.2$ & $-0.1 \pm 1.0$ & 1.04 \\
\hline
 & $47 \pm 8$ & $50 \pm 8$ & $2.7 \pm 9.4$ & $49 \pm 5$ & $51 \pm 6$ & $2.2 \pm 5.4$ & 0.38 \\
\hline
Dietary fibers (g/day) & $37.5 \pm 12.5$ & $36.7 \pm 12.7$ & $-1 \pm 10$ & $36 \pm 9$ & $37 \pm 15$ & $1 \pm 12$ & 0.37 \\
\hline
Dietary fibers (g/1000 kcal) & $14.4 \pm 3.8$ & $13.3 \pm 3.1$ & $-1.1 \pm 3.2$ & $14.9 \pm 3.6$ & $15.9 \pm 5.2$ & $1.0 \pm 4.7$ & 0.88 \\
\hline
Protein (g/day) & $107 \pm 30$ & $115 \pm 31$ & $8 \pm 22$ & $95 \pm 19$ & $88 \pm 24$ & $-7 \pm 17$ & 1.06 \\
\hline
Protein (g/kg/day) & $1.8 \pm 0.5$ & $1.9 \pm 0.5$ & $0.1 \pm 0.4$ & $1.6 \pm 0.3$ & $1.5 \pm 0.4$ & $-0.1 \pm 0.3$ & 1.12 \\
\hline
Protein (E\%) & $17 \pm 4$ & $18 \pm 4$ & $3 \pm 3$ & $17 \pm 4$ & $16 \pm 4$ & $-1 \pm 2$ & 0.42 \\
\hline
Fat (g/day) & $106 \pm 35$ & $96 \pm 26$ & $-10 \pm 34$ & $97 \pm 24$ & $88 \pm 23$ & $-9 \pm 23$ & 0.36 \\
\hline
Fat (g/kg/day) & $1.8 \pm 0.6$ & $1.6 \pm 0.4$ & $-0.2 \pm 0.6$ & $1.6 \pm 0.3$ & $1.4 \pm 0.4$ & $-0.2 \pm 0.4$ & 0.38 \\
\hline
Fat $(\mathrm{E} \%)$ & $37 \pm 9$ & $32 \pm 6$ & $-5 \pm 9$ & $35 \pm 5$ & $34 \pm 7$ & $-1 \pm 7$ & 1.43 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\end{document}

Answer 1

It's not surprising that the table exceeds the width of the text block, given by the parameter \textwidth, by far, because it has a wide header column and 7 generous data columns. The only hope I see is to render the table in landscape mode instead of in portrait mode. This may be done with the help of the rotating package and its sidewaystable environment.

Observe that I would also recommend getting rid of all vertical lines in a table and using fewer, but well-spaced horizontal lines.

\documentclass[10pt]{article}
%%\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} % that's the default nowadays
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} 
\usepackage{amsmath}
%%\usepackage{amsfonts} % 'amsfonts' is loaded automatically by 'amssymb'
\usepackage{amssymb}
%\usepackage[version=4]{mhchem} % not needed in this example
%\usepackage{stmaryrd} % not needed in this example
%% new code:
\usepackage{rotating,booktabs,array}
\newcolumntype{C}{>{$}c<{$}} % centered & automatic math mode
% Cf. Marcel Krüger's answer at https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/694046/5001 
\usepackage{floatpag,pdflscape}
\makeatletter
\newcommand{\rotateview}{\global@namedef{\number@currbox @float}{\PLS@AddRotate{90}%
  \AddToHookNext{shipout/after}{\PLS@RemoveRotate}}}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\subsection{Sports Nutrition-Related Behavior, Overall 
Dietary Intake, and Physical Activity}
For the sports nutrition global score, we found weak evidence

$(\mathrm{BF}_{\text {incl}}=2.75)$ for the interaction effect 
between group and measurement time point (FUEL: $1.7\pm0.5$ 
at week~0 and $2.2\pm0.4$ at week~$17$;  CON: $1.9\pm0.4$ at 
week~0 and $2.0\pm0.4$ at week~17). Similarly, we found weak 
support for an interaction effect between group and measurement 
time point for total energy intake, and carbohydrates (g/day 
and g/kg/day), protein (g/day and g/kg/day), and fat (E%) 
intake (Table \ref{tab:dietary}).
\setcounter{table}{3}
\begin{sidewaystable}
\rotateview
\caption{Dietary characteristics for the intervention (FUEL) and control (CON) group.} \label{tab:dietary}
\smallskip
\setlength\tabcolsep{0pt}
\begin{tabular}{\textwidth}{@{\extracolsep{\fill}} l {7}{C} }
\toprule
Dietary Intake & 
\multicolumn{3}{c}{FUEL} & 
\multicolumn{3}{c}{CON} & 
\mathrm{B F}_{\textrm{incl}} \
\cmidrule{2-4} \cmidrule{5-7}
& \text{Week 0} & \text{Week 17} & 
\begin{tabular}[t]{c} Within group \difference \end{tabular} 
& \text{Week 0} & \text{Week 17} & 
\begin{tabular}[t]{c} Within group \difference \end{tabular} &  \
\midrule
Energy intake (kcal/day) & 2588\pm528 & 2726\pm547 & 138\pm453 & 2455\pm482 & 2300\pm449 & -155\pm396 & 1.03 \
\addlinespace
Carbohydrates (g/day) & 290\pm68 & 326\pm88 & 36\pm74 & 285\pm65 & 280\pm74 & -6\pm62 & 1.09\
Carbohydrates (g/kg/day) & 4.8\pm1.0 & 5.5\pm1.4 & 0.6\pm1.3 & 4.8\pm1.0 & 4.7\pm1.2 & -0.1\pm1.0 & 1.04\
Carbohydrates (E%) & 47\pm8 & 50\pm8 & 2.7\pm9.4 & 49\pm5 & 51\pm6 & 2.2\pm5.4 & 0.38\
\addlinespace
Dietary fibers (g/day) & 37.5\pm12.5 & 36.7\pm12.7 & -1\pm10 & 36\pm9 & 37\pm15 & 1\pm12 & 0.37 \
Dietary fibers (g/1000 kcal) & 14.4\pm3.8 & 13.3\pm3.1 & -1.1\pm3.2 & 14.9\pm3.6 & 15.9\pm5.2 & 1.0\pm4.7 & 0.88 \
Protein (g/day) & 107\pm30 & 115\pm31 & 8\pm22 & 95\pm19 & 88\pm24 & -7\pm17 & 1.06 \
Protein (g/kg/day) & 1.8\pm0.5 & 1.9\pm0.5 & 0.1\pm0.4 & 1.6\pm0.3 & 1.5\pm0.4 & -0.1\pm0.3 & 1.12 \
Protein (E%) & 17\pm4 & 18\pm4 & 3\pm3 & 17\pm4 & 16\pm4 & -1\pm2 & 0.42 \
Fat (g/day) & 106\pm35 & 96\pm26 & -10\pm34 & 97\pm24 & 88\pm23 & -9\pm23 & 0.36 \
Fat (g/kg/day) & 1.8\pm0.6 & 1.6\pm0.4 & -0.2\pm0.6 & 1.6\pm0.3 & 1.4\pm0.4 & -0.2\pm0.4 & 0.38 \
Fat (E %) & 37\pm9 & 32\pm6 & -5\pm9 & 35\pm5 & 34\pm7 & -1\pm7 & 1.43 \
\bottomrule
\end{tabular*}
\end{sidewaystable}
\end{document}