I don't think there's an automatic way to do this, but, if your table has fixed height rows, you can split it into two tables and use the dpfloat package to pair the two tables on adjacent pages.
Example:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{dpfloat, booktabs}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[p]
\begin{leftfullpage}
\begin{tabular}{llllll}
\toprule
1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 \\
\midrule
0.598064154 & 0.339685582 & 0.19396861 & 0.213309634 & 0.075210499 & 0.332646254 \\
0.078241148 & 0.792167857 & 0.219108081 & 0.201291187 & 0.431479589 & 0.667717852 \\
0.469795242 & 0.33942751 & 0.420695486 & 0.82740107 & 0.738145761 & 0.031280146 \\
0.753119695 & 0.951982884 & 0.785708805 & 0.818329289 & 0.359288584 & 0.290605686 \\
0.803870396 & 0.731847731 & 0.899035306 & 0.8203372 & 0.762518297 & 0.025427827 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{leftfullpage}
\end{table}
\begin{table}[p]
\begin{fullpage}
\begin{tabular}{llllll}
\toprule
7 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 11 & 12 \\
\midrule
0.060659362 & 0.594518703 & 0.735081007 & 1.735081007 & 2.735081007 & 3.735081007 \\
0.494861845 & 0.452771499 & 0.6161709 & 1.6161709 & 2.6161709 & 3.6161709 \\
0.685467538 & 0.929017242 & 0.866804413 & 1.866804413 & 2.866804413 & 3.866804413 \\
0.557379459 & 0.670159594 & 0.252399841 & 1.252399841 & 2.252399841 & 3.252399841 \\
0.303340706 & 0.958921469 & 0.339461931 & 1.339461931 & 2.339461931 & 3.339461931 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{fullpage}
\end{table}
\end{document}
The big downside with this solution is that if you have columns in which the lines wrap in one table, you will need to manually add struts in the corresponding rows of the other table to make them line up.
It also restricts you to having the split table on pages by themselves; you can't split a table across just the top part of two pages, for example.
begin{document}. Excellent solution! – yannisl Jan 14 '11 at 17:57dpfloatis nearly what I'm searching for, however if on the left page there is a caption, the tables are not perfectly aligned vertically! :-( – MostlyHarmless Jul 02 '11 at 22:52