Having formatting problems I can't seem to figure out

Question

As you should be able to see from the image, my enumerate environment seems to work fine up until I typeset the table, and then things shift to the left margin. I'd like the (a) and (b) to line up, and have the table sit to the right as well.

Any tips?

Here's the code I have...

\documentclass{article}
\renewcommand{\thesection}{\Roman{section}} 
\renewcommand{\thesubsection}{\thesection.\Roman{subsection}}

\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{amsfonts}


\RequirePackage[left=1.5in,right=1.5in,top=1.5in,bottom=1.5in]{geometry}

\newcommand\state[1]{\ensuremath{q_{#1}}}
\newcommand\blank{\ensuremath{\sqcup}}
\newcommand\lang{\ensuremath{\mathcal{L}}}



\begin{document}



    \begin{enumerate}
        \item \textbf{Programming Turing Machines}
        \begin{enumerate}
            \item  Give a full description of a Turing machine $M = (Q, \Sigma, \Gamma. \state{0}, \state{accept}, \state{reject}, \delta)$ accepting a language $\lang = \{x \in \{0,1\}^{*}\ |\ x\ is\ divisible\ by\ 4 \}$, ignoring trailing 0s; treat blank string as a 0.
            \begin{align*}
                M = (Q, \Sigma, \Gamma, \state{0}, \state{accept}, \state{reject}, \delta)\\
                Q=\{q_{0},q_{1},q_{2},q_{accept},q_{reject}\}\\
                \Gamma=\{0,1,\blank\}\\
                \Sigma=\Gamma\setminus\{\blank\}
            \end{align*}

            \captionof{table}{$\delta: Q\times \Gamma \to Q\times \Gamma\times \{L,R\}$}
            \begin{tabular}{c|c|c|c|c}              
                Current State&Current Character&New State&New Character&Move\\
                \hline
                \state{0}&1&\state{0}&1&R\\
                \state{0}&0&\state{0}&0&R\\
                \state{0}&\blank&\state{1}&\blank&L\\
                \state{1}&1&\state{reject}&-&-\\
                \state{1}&0&\state{2}&0&L\\
                \state{2}&1&\state{reject}&-&-\\
                \state{2}&0&\state{accept}&-&-\\
                \hline
            \end{tabular}

            \bigskip

            \item  Give a full description of a Turing machine $M = (Q, \Sigma, \Gamma, \state{0}, \state{accept}, \state{reject}, \delta)$ accepting a language $\lang = \{x \in \{0,1\}^{*}\ |\ x\ does\ not\ have\ repeating\ 1s \}$. ( e.g., x = 110 is rejected and x = 1001 is accepted. )

            \begin{align*}
                M = (Q, \Sigma, \Gamma, \state{0}, \state{accept}, \state{reject}, \delta)\\
                Q=\{q_{0},q_{1},q_{2},q_{accept},q_{reject}\}\\
                \Gamma=\{0,1,\blank\}\\
                \Sigma=\Gamma\setminus\{\blank\}
            \end{align*}

            \captionof{table}{$\delta: Q\times \Gamma \to Q\times \Gamma\times \{L,R\}$}        
            \begin{tabular}{c|c|c|c|c}              
                Current State&Current Character&New State&New Character&Move\\
                \hline
                \state{0}&1&\state{0}&1&R\\
                \state{0}&0&\state{0}&0&R\\
                \state{0}&\blank&\state{1}&\blank&L\\
                \state{1}&1&\state{2}&1&L\\
                \state{1}&0&\state{1}&0&L\\
                \state{1}&\blank&\state{accept}&-&-\\
                \state{2}&1&\state{reject}&-&-\\
                \state{2}&0&\state{1}&0&L\\
                \hline
            \end{tabular}

            \bigskip

            \item  Give a full description of a Turing machine $M = (Q, \Sigma, \Gamma, \state{0}, \state{accept}, \state{reject}, \delta)$ accepting a language $\lang = \{x \in \{0,1\}^{*}\ |\ x\ does\ not\ have\ repeating\ 1s \}$. ( e.g., x = 110 is rejected and x = 1001 is accepted. )
        \end{enumerate}
    \end{enumerate}

\end{document}

Answer 1

The problem seems to be that \captionof resets the left and right margins for the enumerate environment.

Embed the \captionof inside a \parbox like so:

\parbox{\linewidth}{\captionof{table}{$\delta: Q\times \Gamma \to Q\times \Gamma\times \{L,R\}$}}

Using \linewidth should get the correct centering for within you enumerated list. This is because \linewidth is the parameter LaTeX uses to determine how long a line should be at that moment. Note \textwidth will not give you the correct width.

This solution creates a bit of extra vertical space you may not want. But you can easily fix that by adding a \vspace{<dim>} with an appropriately set negative dimension.

Here's a full copy of my MWE:

\documentclass{article}
\renewcommand{\thesection}{\Roman{section}} 
\renewcommand{\thesubsection}{\thesection.\Roman{subsection}}

\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{amsfonts}

\RequirePackage[left=1.5in,right=1.5in,top=1.5in,bottom=1.5in]{geometry}

\newcommand\state[1]{\ensuremath{q_{#1}}}
\newcommand\blank{\ensuremath{\sqcup}}
\newcommand\lang{\ensuremath{\mathcal{L}}}

\begin{document}

\begin{enumerate}
    \item \textbf{Programming Turing Machines}
    \begin{enumerate}
        \item  Give a full description of a Turing machine $M = (Q, \Sigma, \Gamma. \state{0}, \state{accept}, \state{reject}, \delta)$ accepting a language $\lang = \{x \in \{0,1\}^{*}\ |\ x\ is\ divisible\ by\ 4 \}$, ignoring trailing 0s; treat blank string as a 0.
        \begin{align*}
            M = (Q, \Sigma, \Gamma, \state{0}, \state{accept}, \state{reject}, \delta)\\
            Q=\{q_{0},q_{1},q_{2},q_{accept},q_{reject}\}\\
            \Gamma=\{0,1,\blank\}\\
            \Sigma=\Gamma\setminus\{\blank\}
        \end{align*}

        \parbox{\linewidth}{\captionof{table}{$\delta: Q\times \Gamma \to Q\times \Gamma\times \{L,R\}$}}\vspace{-1ex}
        \begin{tabular}{c|c|c|c|c}              
            Current State&Current Character&New State&New Character&Move\\
            \hline
            \state{0}&1&\state{0}&1&R\\
            \state{0}&0&\state{0}&0&R\\
            \state{0}&\blank&\state{1}&\blank&L\\
            \state{1}&1&\state{reject}&-&-\\
            \state{1}&0&\state{2}&0&L\\
            \state{2}&1&\state{reject}&-&-\\
            \state{2}&0&\state{accept}&-&-\\
            \hline
        \end{tabular}

        \bigskip

        \item  Give a full description of a Turing machine $M = (Q, \Sigma, \Gamma, \state{0}, \state{accept}, \state{reject}, \delta)$ accepting a language $\lang = \{x \in \{0,1\}^{*}\ |\ x\ does\ not\ have\ repeating\ 1s \}$. ( e.g., x = 110 is rejected and x = 1001 is accepted. )

        \begin{align*}
            M = (Q, \Sigma, \Gamma, \state{0}, \state{accept}, \state{reject}, \delta)\\
            Q=\{q_{0},q_{1},q_{2},q_{accept},q_{reject}\}\\
            \Gamma=\{0,1,\blank\}\\
            \Sigma=\Gamma\setminus\{\blank\}
        \end{align*}

        \parbox{\linewidth}{\captionof{table}{$\delta: Q\times \Gamma \to Q\times \Gamma\times \{L,R\}$}}\vspace{-1ex}
        \begin{tabular}{c|c|c|c|c}              
            Current State&Current Character&New State&New Character&Move\\
            \hline
            \state{0}&1&\state{0}&1&R\\
            \state{0}&0&\state{0}&0&R\\
            \state{0}&\blank&\state{1}&\blank&L\\
            \state{1}&1&\state{2}&1&L\\
            \state{1}&0&\state{1}&0&L\\
            \state{1}&\blank&\state{accept}&-&-\\
            \state{2}&1&\state{reject}&-&-\\
            \state{2}&0&\state{1}&0&L\\
            \hline
        \end{tabular}

        \bigskip

        \item  Give a full description of a Turing machine $M = (Q, \Sigma, \Gamma, \state{0}, \state{accept}, \state{reject}, \delta)$ accepting a language $\lang = \{x \in \{0,1\}^{*}\ |\ x\ does\ not\ have\ repeating\ 1s \}$. ( e.g., x = 110 is rejected and x = 1001 is accepted. )
    \end{enumerate}
\end{enumerate}

\end{document}