When I want Linux to consider newly created partitions without rebooting, I have several tools available to force a refresh of the kernel "partition cache":
partx -va /dev/sdXkpartx -va /dev/sdXhdparm -z /dev/sdXblockdev --rereadpt /dev/sdXsfdisk -R /dev/sdX(deprecated)partprobe /dev/sdX- ...
I'm not sure about the difference between these techniques, but I think they don't use the same ioctl, like BLKRRPART or BLKPG. So, what is the difference between those ioctl?
kpartxis derived frompartx,sfdiskis another partition edit tool.hdparmis for other uses, but also has a way to read partition table into kernel. If you really need to know, then look at the source code. – ctrl-alt-delor Jul 09 '14 at 09:13