I can think of many examples of this...
- You can use the
ip/if*commands to set your network interface in the here and now, but you can edit a file like/etc/network/interfacesto make the changes permanent. - You can set a bash environment variable by exporting it form the shell, or to make it permanent for your account, you can place the same command in .bashrc
- In
vimyou can:set nowrapto make sure the text file you have open doesn't wrap; but you can also add the same command to.vimrcto keep this the same everytime you openvim.
So given these examples; what is this called?