Create and Manage Upstart Services without Root Access

Question

Is there anything like ~/.config/systemd/user/ and systemctl --user start ... for Upstart?

initctl --user ... required UPSTART_SESSION environment variable, looks like --user here has different meaning from systemd.

score 2 · Answer 1 · answered Jul 30 '18 at 17:02

It has indeed. upstart has multiple per-session instances of itself, one per login session per user. systemd has per-user instances of itself, one per user for that user in all contexts (and outwith any individual login session).

"Session Init". upstart Cookbook. Ubuntu.
James Hunt, Stéphane Graber, Dmitrijs Ledkovs, and Steve Langasek (2012-11-12). Ubuntu Raring upstart user sessions. Ubuntu.
Nathan Willis (2013-04-17). Upstart for user sessions. LWN.
Why does running `killall init` as user log me out?
https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/194208/5132

Adding on to this, to use Upstart as a session init one must invoke it as an unprivileged user, for example from xinitrc. Only the child processes will have the UPSTART_SESSION variable and be able to access the running instance via initctl. — CameronNemo, Aug 14 '18 at 02:58

Create and Manage Upstart Services without Root Access

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