< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kǫsъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kanˀdas, akin to Lithuanian ką́sti (“to bite”), Latvian kuôst (“to bite”), further Ancient Greek κνώδων (knṓdōn, “type of sword”).

Adjective

*kǫsъ

  1. truncated
    Synonyms: *kъrnъ, *xudъ
    → short, brief
    → tailless (for animal)

Declension
Indefinite declension of *kǫsъ (hard)
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative *kǫsъ *kǫsa *kǫso
genitive *kǫsa *kǫsy *kǫsa
dative *kǫsu *kǫsě *kǫsu
accusative *kǫsъ *kǫsǫ *kǫso
instrumental *kǫsomь *kǫsojǫ *kǫsomь
locative *kǫsě *kǫsě *kǫsě
vocative *kǫse *kǫso *kǫso
dual masculine feminine neuter
nominative *kǫsa *kǫsě *kǫsě
genitive *kǫsu *kǫsu *kǫsu
dative *kǫsoma *kǫsama *kǫsoma
accusative *kǫsa *kǫsě *kǫsě
instrumental *kǫsoma *kǫsama *kǫsoma
locative *kǫsu *kǫsu *kǫsu
vocative *kǫsa *kǫsě *kǫsě
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative *kǫsi *kǫsy *kǫsa
genitive *kǫsъ *kǫsъ *kǫsъ
dative *kǫsomъ *kǫsamъ *kǫsomъ
accusative *kǫsy *kǫsy *kǫsa
instrumental *kǫsy *kǫsami *kǫsy
locative *kǫsěxъ *kǫsaxъ *kǫsěxъ
vocative *kǫsi *kǫsy *kǫsa
Definite declension of *kǫsъ (hard)
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative *kǫsъjь *kǫsaja *kǫsoje
genitive *kǫsajego *kǫsyję̇ *kǫsajego
dative *kǫsujemu *kǫsěji *kǫsujemu
accusative *kǫsъjь *kǫsǫjǫ *kǫsoje
instrumental *kǫsyjimь *kǫsǫjǫ *kǫsyjimь
locative *kǫsějemь *kǫsěji *kǫsějemь
vocative *kǫsъjь *kǫsaja *kǫsoje
dual masculine feminine neuter
nominative *kǫsaja *kǫsěji *kǫsěji
genitive *kǫsuju *kǫsuju *kǫsuju
dative *kǫsyjima *kǫsyjima *kǫsyjima
accusative *kǫsaja *kǫsěji *kǫsěji
instrumental *kǫsyjima *kǫsyjima *kǫsyjima
locative *kǫsuju *kǫsuju *kǫsuju
vocative *kǫsaja *kǫsěji *kǫsěji
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative *kǫsiji *kǫsyję̇ *kǫsaja
genitive *kǫsъjixъ *kǫsъjixъ *kǫsъjixъ
dative *kǫsyjimъ *kǫsyjimъ *kǫsyjimъ
accusative *kǫsyję̇ *kǫsyję̇ *kǫsaja
instrumental *kǫsyjimi *kǫsyjimi *kǫsyjimi
locative *kǫsyjixъ *kǫsyjixъ *kǫsyjixъ
vocative *kǫsiji *kǫsyję̇ *kǫsaja

Derived terms
  • *sъkǫsiti, *pokǫsiti (“to shorten”)
  • *kǫsakъ (“short dress, object”)
  • *vъzkǫsъ (“ultra short”)
  • *jьzkǫsъ (“strict, narrow”)
  • *kǫso-
    • *kǫsoględъ (“short-sighted”)
    • *kǫsoumъ (“forgetful, with short memory”)
  • *kucъ (“tailless, limped, crippled”) (expressive)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: кꙋсꙑи (kusyi)
      • Russian: кусо́й (kusój) (dialectal)
      • Ukrainian: ку́сий (kúsyj)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: кѫсъ (kǫsŭ)
      Glagolitic script: ⰽⱘⱄⱏ (kǫsŭ)
    • Bulgarian: къс (kǎs)
    • Macedonian: кус (kus)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: ку̑с
      Latin script: kȗs
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: kusý
    • Polish: kęsy, kusy
    • Slovak: kusý
    • Sorbian:
      • Lower Sorbian: kušy (“tailless”)
      • Upper Sorbian: kuṡi (“short”)

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ку́цый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*kǫsъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 67
  • Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1989), “кусий”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volumes 3 (Кора – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 160
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “къс²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 227

Noun

*kǫ̑sъ m[1][2][3]

  1. bite
    Synonyms: *xapъ, *gryzъ
  2. piece, bit, chunk

Declension
Declension of *kǫ̑sъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
singular dual plural
nominative *kǫ̑sъ *kǫ̑sa *kǫ̑si
genitive *kǫ̑sa *kǫsù *kǫ̃sъ
dative *kǫ̑su *kǫsomà *kǫsòmъ
accusative *kǫ̑sъ *kǫ̑sa *kǫ̑sy
instrumental *kǫ̑sъmь, *kǫ̑somь* *kǫsomà *kǫsý
locative *kǫ̑sě *kǫsù *kǫsě̃xъ
vocative *kǫse *kǫ̑sa *kǫ̑si
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms
  • *kǫsъkъ, *kǫsьcь (diminutive)
  • *kǫsica
  • *kǫšьjь (“slice, chunk (of bread, meat)”)
  • *kǫsati (“to bite, to truncate”), *kǫsnǫti (“to bite off”)
  • *čęstь (“part”)
  • *kǫdъkъ (“piece”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: кꙋсъ (kusŭ)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: кѫсъ (kǫsŭ)
      Glagolitic script: ⰽⱘⱄⱏ (kǫsŭ)
    • Bulgarian: къс (kǎs); (dialectal) кус (kus)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: ку̑с
      Latin script: kȗs
    • Slovene: kọ̑s (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ку́с”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*kǫsъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 67
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “къс¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 227

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kǫ̑sъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 243: “m. o (c) ‘piece’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001) “kǫsъ”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 147; PR 137)”
  3. Snoj, Marko (2016) “kos”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *kǫ̑sъ ‛kos, grižljaj’”
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