I would like to show that every power series expansion for an entire function converges everywhere.
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4This is Taylor's theorem. – Antonio Vargas Mar 27 '12 at 21:09
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1What is your definition of an entire function? – Aryabhata Mar 27 '12 at 21:13
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1More generally, a holomorphic $f:\Omega\subset\mathbb{C}\to\mathbb{C}$ has a power series expansion at any $z_0\in\Omega$ converging in the disk centered at $z_0$ with radius at least $\text{dist}(z_0, \mathbb{C}\setminus\Omega)$. – Pietro Majer May 22 '21 at 08:17
2 Answers
Using Cauchy's Theorem and integration by parts yields $$ \begin{align} \left|\frac{f^{(n)}(w)}{n!}\right| &=\left|\frac{1}{2\pi i}\oint\frac{f^{(n)}(w+z)}{n!\,z}\mathrm{d}z\right|\\ &=\left|\frac{1}{2\pi i}\oint\frac{f(w+z)}{z^{n+1}}\mathrm{d}z\right|\\ &\le\frac{1}{r^n}\max_{B(w,r)} |f|\tag{1} \end{align} $$ where the integration is around the circle $z=r\,e^{it}$ for $t$ from $0$ to $2\pi$.
Estimate $(1)$, called Cauchy's Estimates, says that the radius of convergence of the Taylor series for $f$ is at least $r$. Since $f$ is entire, we can set $r$ as large as we want.
Therefore, the Taylor series for $f$ at $w$ converges for all $z$.
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Maybe something is wrong with this answer, but it seems to be pretty simple.
First, we know that the power series of an analytic function is unique. So if a function is entire (analytic in the whole complex plane), then its power series is unique on the whole plane, and by definition is convergent.
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2We know that the power series around any point is unique, but what does it mean to say "its power series is unique on the whole plane"? – Antonio Vargas Mar 27 '12 at 21:13
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Yeah, that was pretty sloppy, sorry. I meant as you said: that the power series expansion of the function about some point in the plane is unique, and by entirety converges at every point in the complex plane. – Keaton Mar 27 '12 at 21:20
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2If we're taking the definition of entire to be "all power series converge everywhere to the function" then your answer is a circular detour back to this definition. Otherwise you're begging the question. – Antonio Vargas Mar 27 '12 at 21:22