For Mathematica 12.2.
These two are equivalent
Sort@Keys[QuantityUnits`Private`$UnitReplacementRules] ==
Sort@QuantityUnits`$UnitList
(*True*)
There are also
QuantityUnits`$UnitAlternateStandardNameReplacements
contains something like Celsius which is not contained in $UnitList. Most of these units are readily usable in Quantity except few cases need internet connection for interpretation.
There are also UnitShortName information in QuantityUnits`$UnitTable
shortUnitAssoc = QuantityUnits`$UnitTable // Query[;; , "UnitShortName"] //
Select[# =!= None &];
which contains "Milligrams" -> "mg", "Kilograms" -> "kg", "Meters" -> "m" etc. Some of these short unit are readily usable like Quantity[1,"mg"].