Aligning multiple figures/tikzpicture vertically and horizontally

Question

I'm trying to align four figures vertically and horizontally. But I couldn't get it right in spite of repeated tweaks.

Can someone help me out?

Here is a MWE -- there are no errors, but the figures don't come out scaled properly.

\documentclass[12pt]{llncs}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{graphicx}
 \pdfoutput=1
\usepackage{epsf}
\usepackage{epsfig}
\usepackage{epstopdf}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage[all]{xy}
%\pagestyle{empty}
\pagestyle{plain}
%\usepackage{algorithmic}
%\usepackage{algorithm}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage{nameref}
%\usepackage{MnSymbol}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{subfig}

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}
\captionsetup[subfigure]{width=2in}
\begin{minipage}[t][4em][s]{.5\textwidth}
\subfloat[First]{
%\begin{subfigure}[b]{\textwidth}
\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={circle, draw, scale=1.0, fill=gray!50}, scale=1.0, rotate = 180, xscale = -1]

\node (1) at (0, 0) {$a$};
\node (2) at (3.0, 0) {$s$};
\node (3) at (4.5, 0) {$s'$};
\node (4) at (7.5, 0) {$t'$};
\node (5) at (9.0, 0) {$t$};
\node (6) at (12.0, 0) {$b$};


\draw[->] (1) -- (2);
\draw[->] (2) -- (3);
\draw[->] (3) -- (4);
\draw[->] (4) -- (5);
%\draw (8) -- (7);
\draw[->] (5) -- (6);

\end{tikzpicture}
%\label{fig:sto}
} %%\qquad
%
%\bigskip
%
\subfloat[Second]{
\label{fig:st}
%\begin{subfgure}[b]{\textwidth}
\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={circle, draw, scale=1.0, fill=gray!50}, scale=1.0, rotate = 180, xscale = -1]

\node (1) at (0, 0) {$a$};
\node (2) at (3.0, 0) {$s$};
\node (3) at (4.5, 0) {$s'$};
\node (4) at (7.5, 0) {$t'$};
\node (5) at (9.0, 0) {$t$};
\node (6) at (12.0, 0) {$b$};


\draw[->] (1) -- (2);
\draw[thick, dashed, ->] (2) to[out=-100,in=-150] (1);
%\draw (3) -- (2);
\draw[->] (3) -- (4);
\draw[thick, dashed, ->] (4) to[out=-100,in=-150] (3);
%\draw (5) -- (4);
\draw[thick, dashed, ->] (2) to[out=-250,in=-350] (4);
\draw[thick, dashed, ->] (3) to[out=100,in=150] (1);    
%\draw (8) -- (7);
\draw[->] (5) -- (6);
\draw[thick, dashed, ->] (6) to[out=-100,in=-150] (5);


\end{tikzpicture}
}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}[t][4em][s]{0.5\textwidth}
\subfloat[Third]{
%\begin{subfigure}[b]{\textwidth}
%\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={circle, draw, scale=1.0, fill=gray!50}, scale=1.0, rotate = 180, xscale = -1]

\node (1) at (0, 0) {$a$};
\node (2) at (3.0, 0) {$t$};
\node (3) at (4.5, 0) {$t'$};
\node (4) at (7.5, 0) {$s'$};
\node (5) at (9.0, 0) {$s$};
\node (6) at (12.0, 0) {$b$};


\draw[->] (1) -- (2);
\draw[->] (2) -- (3);
\draw[->] (3) -- (4);
\draw[->] (4) -- (5);
%\draw (8) -- (7);
\draw[->] (5) -- (6);


\end{tikzpicture}
} %%\qquad
%
\subfloat[Fourth]{
\label{fig:ts}
%\begin{subfigure}
\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={circle, draw, scale=1.0, fill=gray!50}, scale=1.0, rotate = 180, xscale = -1]

\node (1) at (0, 0) {$a$};
\node (2) at (3.0, 0) {$t$};
\node (3) at (4.5, 0) {$t'$};
\node (4) at (7.5, 0) {$s'$};
\node (5) at (9.0, 0) {$s$};
\node (6) at (12.0, 0) {$b$};


\draw[->] (1) -- (2);
\draw[thick, dashed, ->] (4) to[out=-100,in=-150] (1);
%\draw (3) -- (2);
\draw[->] (3) -- (4);
\draw[thick, dashed, ->] (5) to[out=100,in=150] (1);
%\draw (5) -- (4);
\draw[thick, dashed, ->] (2) to[out=100,in=150] (5);
\draw[thick, dashed, ->] (4) to[out=-100,in=-160] (2);  
%\draw (8) -- (7);
\draw[->] (5) -- (6);
\draw[thick, dashed, ->] (6) to[out=100,in=150] (3);

\end{tikzpicture}
}
\end{minipage}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

It would be good if you add an image of the result so that people can see it directly. — Martin Scharrer, Jul 17 '14 at 05:53
If you only get a small unwanted space, try to add a % directly after { and } when they are at the end of a line, like \subfloat[Fourth]{. Otherwise the line break there is taken as a space. This is explained further in What is the use of percent signs (%) at the end of lines?. Not sure if this happens here, because I don't know the inner context of \subfloat. — Martin Scharrer, Jul 17 '14 at 05:56
You're using curved lines, therefore the final bounding box of your second and fourth figures are not correct. This produces incorrect alignments. Take a look at Bounding box is larger than expected when drawing a curved path and Is there a way to control whitespace around a TikZ picture? — Ignasi, Jul 17 '14 at 06:07
Another problem is figure size. Altough you're using minipage, your figures don't fit in it and they are not scaled. If you want to scale them use adjustbox, resizebox or just draw being sure that they have its correct size to fit where you want. — Ignasi, Jul 17 '14 at 06:10

Bobyandbob · Accepted Answer · 2017-11-14T15:08:46.200

Edit: Version 2: New

Define a bounding box with: \path[use as bounding box] (\xA,\yA ) rectangle (\xB,\yB); ... inside each figure. See 15.8 Establishing a Bounding Box,(p.176). The x- and y-values are defined with \def (\def\xA{-0.8}, \def\yA{-1.6},\def\xB{12.4},\def\yB{1.6}). They should fit the biggest figure. To find the best fitting you could set \drawORnot to 1 and move the bounding box in an good position.
I added the option to draw the bounding box with \drawboundingbox[<color>]{\drawORnot} to each figure. It will be drawn only if \drawORnot is 1, therefor i used \ifthenelse.

\drawORnot= 1 -> bounding box on

\drawORnot = 2-> bounding box off)
Scaling and simplification is the same (with resizebox ...) , see version 1 below.

MWE:

\documentclass[12pt,border=2cm]{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{subfig}
%\usepackage{showframe}
\def\xA{-0.8}
\def\yA{-1.6}
\def\xB{12.4}
\def\yB{1.6}
\usepackage{pgfplots}

\def\drawORnot{1}% 1-> bounding box on; else -> bounding box off
\usepackage{ifthen}

\newcommand{\drawboundingbox}[2][red]{
  \ifthenelse{\equal{#2}{1}}
    {
    \draw [#1] (current bounding box.south west) rectangle (current bounding box.north east);
    }
    {
    %FALSE
    }%
}
\begin{document}

\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\subfloat[AAAA]{\label{fig:AAAA}
\resizebox{6.5cm}{!}{
\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={circle, draw, scale=1.0, fill=gray!50}, scale=1.0, rotate = 180, xscale = -1]
\path[use as bounding box] (\xA,\yA ) rectangle (\xB,\yB);
\node (1) at (0, 0) {$a$};
\node (2) at (3.0, 0) {$s$};
\node (3) at (4.5, 0) {$s'$};
\node (4) at (7.5, 0) {$t'$};
\node (5) at (9.0, 0) {$t$};
\node (6) at (12.0, 0) {$b$};
\draw[->] (1) -- (2);
\draw[->] (2) -- (3);
\draw[->] (3) -- (4);
\draw[->] (4) -- (5);
\draw[->] (5) -- (6);
\drawboundingbox[green]{\drawORnot}
\end{tikzpicture}
}
}%
\hfill 
\subfloat[BBBB]{\label{fig:BBBB}
\resizebox{6.5cm}{!}{
\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={circle, draw, scale=1.0, fill=gray!50}, scale=1.0, rotate = 180, xscale = -1]
\path[use as bounding box] (\xA,\yA ) rectangle (\xB,\yB);
\node (1) at (0, 0) {$a$};
\node (2) at (3.0, 0) {$s$};
\node (3) at (4.5, 0) {$s'$};
\node (4) at (7.5, 0) {$t'$};
\node (5) at (9.0, 0) {$t$};
\node (6) at (12.0, 0) {$b$};
\draw[->] (1) -- (2);
\draw[thick, dashed, ->] (2) to[out=-100,in=-150] (1);
\draw[->] (3) -- (4);
\draw[thick, dashed, ->] (4) to[out=-100,in=-150] (3);
\draw[thick, dashed, ->] (2) to[out=-250,in=-350] (4);
\draw[thick, dashed, ->] (3) to[out=100,in=150] (1);    
\draw[->] (5) -- (6);
\draw[thick, dashed, ->] (6) to[out=-100,in=-150] (5);
\drawboundingbox[blue]{\drawORnot}
\end{tikzpicture}
}
}%
\hfill 
\subfloat[CCCC]{\label{fig:CCCC}
\resizebox{6.5cm}{!}{
\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={circle, draw, scale=1.0, fill=gray!50}, scale=1.0, rotate = 180, xscale = -1]
\path[use as bounding box] (\xA,\yA ) rectangle (\xB,\yB);
\node (1) at (0, 0) {$a$};
\node (2) at (3.0, 0) {$t$};
\node (3) at (4.5, 0) {$t'$};
\node (4) at (7.5, 0) {$s'$};
\node (5) at (9.0, 0) {$s$};
\node (6) at (12.0, 0) {$b$};
\draw[->] (1) -- (2);
\draw[->] (2) -- (3);
\draw[->] (3) -- (4);
\draw[->] (4) -- (5);
%%\draw (8) -- (7);
\draw[->] (5) -- (6);
\drawboundingbox[yellow]{\drawORnot}
\end{tikzpicture}
}
}%
\hfill 
\subfloat[DDDD]{\label{fig:DDDD}
\resizebox{6.5cm}{!}{
\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={circle, draw, scale=1.0, fill=gray!50}, scale=1.0, rotate = 180, xscale = -1]
\path[use as bounding box] (\xA,\yA ) rectangle (\xB,\yB);
\node (1) at (0, 0) {$a$};
\node (2) at (3.0, 0) {$t$};
\node (3) at (4.5, 0) {$t'$};
\node (4) at (7.5, 0) {$s'$};
\node (5) at (9.0, 0) {$s$};
\node (6) at (12.0, 0) {$b$};
\draw[->] (1) -- (2);
\draw[thick, dashed, ->] (4) to[out=-100,in=-150] (1);
\draw[->] (3) -- (4);
\draw[thick, dashed, ->] (2) to[out=100,in=150] (5);
\draw[thick, dashed, ->] (4) to[out=-100,in=-160] (2);  
\draw[->] (5) -- (6);
\draw[thick, dashed, ->] (6) to[out=100,in=150] (3);
\drawboundingbox[black]{\drawORnot}
\end{tikzpicture}
}
}
\hfill 
\caption{Aligning figures in a table with colored bounding boxes (optional).}\label{fig:FIGone}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

Version 1:

1. The problem is the different bounding box/ size of your different `tikzpicture`.

So i use an invisible \path to get the same size of very picture. The dimensions are a first try and maybe could be optimized the same way. So you could add for example:

\path[step=1.0,black,thin,xshift=0.5cm,yshift=0.5cm] (-3,-3) grid (12,3);

... to every tikzpicture. If you replace \path with \draw you can see the dimensions.

2. Scaling

With \resizebox{<horizontal size>}{<vertical size>}{...} (see: 4.3.2 Scaling to a requested size, p.8) you could set the horizontal and vertical size of the tikzpicture. If you want the tikzpicture to be scaled proportionally, you can give one of the sizes and put ! in the other. I used 6.5cmhorizontal.

3 Simplify

I removed some packages to get a small MWE and changed the documentclass to article. It works also with llncs (download:llncs.cls).

\resizebox{6.5cm}{!}{
\begin{tikzpicture}
....
\end{tikzpicture}
}

Aligned four figures:

MWE:

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
%\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{subfig}
\usepackage{showframe}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\subfloat[AAAA]{\label{fig:AAAA}
\resizebox{6.5cm}{!}{
\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={circle, draw, scale=1.0, fill=gray!50}, scale=1.0, rotate = 180, xscale = -1]
\node (1) at (0, 0) {$a$};
\node (2) at (3.0, 0) {$s$};
\node (3) at (4.5, 0) {$s'$};
\node (4) at (7.5, 0) {$t'$};
\node (5) at (9.0, 0) {$t$};
\node (6) at (12.0, 0) {$b$};
\draw[->] (1) -- (2);
\draw[->] (2) -- (3);
\draw[->] (3) -- (4);
\draw[->] (4) -- (5);
%%\draw (8) -- (7);
\draw[->] (5) -- (6);
\path[step=1.0,black,thin,xshift=0.5cm,yshift=0.5cm] (-3,-3) grid (12,3);
\end{tikzpicture}
}
}%
\hfill 
\subfloat[BBBB]{\label{fig:BBBB}
\resizebox{6.5cm}{!}{
\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={circle, draw, scale=1.0, fill=gray!50}, scale=1.0, rotate = 180, xscale = -1]
\node (1) at (0, 0) {$a$};
\node (2) at (3.0, 0) {$s$};
\node (3) at (4.5, 0) {$s'$};
\node (4) at (7.5, 0) {$t'$};
\node (5) at (9.0, 0) {$t$};
\node (6) at (12.0, 0) {$b$};
\draw[->] (1) -- (2);
\draw[thick, dashed, ->] (2) to[out=-100,in=-150] (1);
%%\draw (3) -- (2);
\draw[->] (3) -- (4);
\draw[thick, dashed, ->] (4) to[out=-100,in=-150] (3);
%%\draw (5) -- (4);
\draw[thick, dashed, ->] (2) to[out=-250,in=-350] (4);
\draw[thick, dashed, ->] (3) to[out=100,in=150] (1);    
%%\draw (8) -- (7);
\draw[->] (5) -- (6);
\draw[thick, dashed, ->] (6) to[out=-100,in=-150] (5);
\path[step=1.0,black,thin,xshift=0.5cm,yshift=0.5cm] (-3,-3) grid (12,3);
\end{tikzpicture}
}
}%
\hfill 
\subfloat[CCCC]{\label{fig:CCCC}
\resizebox{6.5cm}{!}{
\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={circle, draw, scale=1.0, fill=gray!50}, scale=1.0, rotate = 180, xscale = -1]
\node (1) at (0, 0) {$a$};
\node (2) at (3.0, 0) {$t$};
\node (3) at (4.5, 0) {$t'$};
\node (4) at (7.5, 0) {$s'$};
\node (5) at (9.0, 0) {$s$};
\node (6) at (12.0, 0) {$b$};
\draw[->] (1) -- (2);
\draw[->] (2) -- (3);
\draw[->] (3) -- (4);
\draw[->] (4) -- (5);
%%\draw (8) -- (7);
\draw[->] (5) -- (6);
\path[step=1.0,black,thin,xshift=0.5cm,yshift=0.5cm] (-3,-3) grid (12,3);
\end{tikzpicture}
}
}%
\hfill 
\subfloat[DDDD]{\label{fig:DDDD}
\resizebox{6.5cm}{!}{
\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={circle, draw, scale=1.0, fill=gray!50}, scale=1.0, rotate = 180, xscale = -1]
\node (1) at (0, 0) {$a$};
\node (2) at (3.0, 0) {$t$};
\node (3) at (4.5, 0) {$t'$};
\node (4) at (7.5, 0) {$s'$};
\node (5) at (9.0, 0) {$s$};
\node (6) at (12.0, 0) {$b$};
\draw[->] (1) -- (2);
\draw[thick, dashed, ->] (4) to[out=-100,in=-150] (1);
%%\draw (3) -- (2);
\draw[->] (3) -- (4);
%\draw[thick, dashed, ->] (5) to[out=100,in=150] (1);
%%\draw (5) -- (4);
\draw[thick, dashed, ->] (2) to[out=100,in=150] (5);
\draw[thick, dashed, ->] (4) to[out=-100,in=-160] (2);  
%%\draw (8) -- (7);
\draw[->] (5) -- (6);
\draw[thick, dashed, ->] (6) to[out=100,in=150] (3);
\path[step=1.0,black,thin,xshift=0.5cm,yshift=0.5cm] (-3,-3) grid (12,3);
\end{tikzpicture}
}
}%
\hfill 
\caption{Aligning figures in a table}\label{fig:FIGone}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

I have added an (similar) alternative solution with \path[use as bounding box]. — Bobyandbob, Nov 14 '17 at 18:16

Aligning multiple figures/tikzpicture vertically and horizontally

1 Answers1

1. The problem is the different bounding box/ size of your different `tikzpicture`.

2. Scaling

3 Simplify

Linked

Related

Aligning multiple figures/tikzpicture vertically and horizontally

1 Answers1

1. The problem is the different bounding box/ size of your different tikzpicture.

2. Scaling

3 Simplify

Linked

Related

1. The problem is the different bounding box/ size of your different `tikzpicture`.