I stumbled across this line in chktex (here) with a note saying
This is a warning which you may ignore, but for maximum aestethic pleasure, you should enclose your bracket characters with `{}'s.
What happens (technically) if I add these brackets?
The following MWE shows the difference with and without the additional brackets; note that the version with the additional brackets results in the superscript being a little bit higher (which, according to chktex seems to be preferred?).
\documentclass{scrartcl}
\title{}
\begin{document}
\begin{equation}
\{X\}^T
{\{X\}}^T
\end{equation}
\end{document}





chktex. If you want to avoid the wrong warning, use\lbrace X\rbrace^T. – egreg Feb 25 '20 at 13:11