What is the correct way to stretch the cell keeping it vertically centred in tabularX

Question

I have this table, in which the text is touching the horizontal lines above and below, I tried some of the solutions to stretch the cells I found in the web. I managed to stretch the cell but I can't keep it center aligned.

This would be a MWE:

    \documentclass[a4paper,11pt,twoside]{article}
    \usepackage{amssymb}
    \usepackage{amsfonts}
    \usepackage{array}
    \usepackage{mathtools}
    \usepackage{mathabx} 
\everymath{\displaystyle}
     \usepackage{tabularx}
    \begin{document}
    \begin{table}[H]
        \centering
        \begin{tabularx}{1.3\textwidth}{ c | X }
                \hline 
                    Objetivos de diseño & $\frac{W_{TO}}{S_w} $, $\frac{T_{TO}}{W_{TO}} $, $A$, $C_{Do}$, $\varphi$, $N_e$, $C_{Lmax_{TO}}$, $C_{Lmax_{L}}$, $C_{Lmax}$ \\\hline 
                    Especificaciones iniciales &  $\frac{W_{CR}}{W_{TO}}$, $\frac{W}{W_{TO}}$, $\frac{W_{L}}{W_{TO}}$, $q$, $\sigma$, $S_{TO}$, $S_e$, $n$ \\\hline
                    Factores adicionales & $\frac{T_{TO}}{T_2} $, $\gamma$, $\eta$, $c_T$, $\frac{T_{TO}}{T_{CR}} $\\  \hline
            \end{tabularx}
    \end{table}
        \end{document}

Answer 1

Modifying arraystretch doesn't produce vertically centred cells. I propose a solution based on the cellspace package: it defines minimal distances between the top of a cell and the bottom of the above cell or line, and betwen the bottom of a cell and the top of the below cell/line. One has to use the pre-qualifier S before the qualifier. By default it works with the usual qualifiers l,c,r, p{}, m{}, b{}, and we may add the X qualifier.

I also use the makecell package, in order to have horizontal rules of variable thickness.

\documentclass[a4paper,11pt,twoside]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage{mathabx}
\everymath{\displaystyle}
 \usepackage{tabularx}
\renewcommand{\tabularxcolumn}[1]{>{\centering\arraybackslash}m{#1}}

\usepackage{makecell}

\usepackage{cellspace}
\setlength\cellspacetoplimit{6pt}
\setlength\cellspacebottomlimit{6pt}
\addparagraphcolumntypes{X}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[H]
    \centering
    \begin{tabularx}{1.3\textwidth}{ l!{\vrule width1pt}>{$}S{X}<{$}}
            \Xhline{1pt}
                Objetivos de diseño & \frac{W_{TO}}{S_w} , \frac{T_{TO}}{W_{TO}} , A, C_{Do}, φ, N_e, C_{Lmax_{TO}}, C_{Lmax_{L}}, C_{Lmax} \\
\hline
Especificaciones iniciales & \frac{W_{CR}}{W_{TO}}, \frac{W}{W_{TO}}, \frac{W_{L}}{W_{TO}}, q, σ, S_{TO}, S_e, n \\\hline
Factores adicionales & \frac{T_{TO}}{T_2} , γ, η, c_T, \frac{T_{TO}}{T_{CR}} \\
            \Xhline{1pt}
        \end{tabularx}
\end{table}

    \end{document} 

Answer 2

I think you are looking for something like

\documentclass[a4paper,11pt,twoside]{article}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage{mathabx} 
 \usepackage{tabularx}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}
    \centering
\renewcommand\arraystretch{1.7}
    \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{ c | >{\centering\arraybackslash}X }
            \hline 
                Objetivos de diseño & $\frac{W_{TO}}{S_w} $, $\frac{T_{TO}}{W_{TO}} $, $A$, $C_{Do}$, $\varphi$, $N_e$, $C_{Lmax_{TO}}$, $C_{Lmax_{L}}$, $C_{Lmax}$ \\\hline 
                Especificaciones iniciales &  $\frac{W_{CR}}{W_{TO}}$, $\frac{W}{W_{TO}}$, $\frac{W_{L}}{W_{TO}}$, $q$, $\sigma$, $S_{TO}$, $S_e$, $n$ \\\hline
                Factores adicionales & $\frac{T_{TO}}{T_2} $, $\gamma$, $\eta$, $c_T$, $\frac{T_{TO}}{T_{CR}} $\\  \hline
        \end{tabularx}
\end{table}
    \end{document}

Answer 3

You can add a strut using an invisible rule:

\newcommand{\mystrut}{\rule[-12pt]{0pt}{30pt}}  %% adjust -12pt and 30pt as you wish

and add it in >{\mystrut} c.

Code:

\documentclass[a4paper,11pt,twoside]{article}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage{mathabx}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\newcommand{\mystrut}{\rule[-12pt]{0pt}{30pt}}

\begin{document}
\begin{table}
    \centering
    \begin{tabularx}{1.3\textwidth}{>{\mystrut} c | >{\centering\arraybackslash}X }
            \hline
                Objetivos de diseño & $\frac{W_{TO}}{S_w} $, $\frac{T_{TO}}{W_{TO}} $, $A$, $C_{Do}$, $\varphi$, $N_e$, $C_{Lmax_{TO}}$, $C_{Lmax_{L}}$, $C_{Lmax}$ \\\hline
                Especificaciones iniciales &  $\frac{W_{CR}}{W_{TO}}$, $\frac{W}{W_{TO}}$, $\frac{W_{L}}{W_{TO}}$, $q$, $\sigma$, $S_{TO}$, $S_e$, $n$ \\\hline
                Factores adicionales & $\frac{T_{TO}}{T_2} $, $\gamma$, $\eta$, $c_T$, $\frac{T_{TO}}{T_{CR}} $\\  \hline
        \end{tabularx}
\end{table}
    \end{document}