How to stack a symbol on another of same size but with no vertical centering?

Question

I have something like

\[a = \langle a + b, c + d, e + f \rangle\]

But I want to stack another vector right above the right hand side, centered horizontally (with respect to corresponding elements of a), but without angle brackets, namely

        x      y      z
a = < a + b, c + d, e + f >

I tried \overset but it's not satisfactory because the upper vector will be smaller. I also tried \genfrac but it pushes the original vector down. (I don't want the angle brackets to extend to cover two lines.) How can I achieve this?

Related/duplicate: How do I put text over symbols? – Werner Nov 13 '17 at 23:57 — Werner, Nov 13 '17 at 23:57

Mico · Accepted Answer · 2017-11-13T21:36:42.747

13

Here are two possible solutions. The first uses a modified form of the \overset macro, in which the first argument is set in \textstyle rather than the default \scriptstyle. The second uses an array environment; it requires a bit more setup, but it's more flexible/versatile than the first. E.g., it's more straightforward changing the vertical spacing when using the second method.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\newcommand\myoverset[2]{\overset{\textstyle #1\mathstrut}{#2}}
\newcommand\mycomma{,\mkern3mu} % emulate punctuation spacing
\begin{document}

\[
a = \langle \myoverset{x}{a + b}, 
            \myoverset{y}{c + d}, 
            \myoverset{z}{e + f} \rangle
\]

\[
\setlength{\arraycolsep}{0pt}
\begin{array}{ccccccc}
&x && y && z &\\
a=\langle &a+b &\mycomma& c+d &\mycomma& e+f &\rangle
\end{array}
\]

\end{document}

edited Nov 13 '17 at 21:36

answered Nov 13 '17 at 21:24

Mico

506,678

It seems I can use displaystyle in \overset as well! – YiFei Nov 13 '17 at 21:33
sadly, the baselines of the letters in the uppermost line aren't aligned vertically. that could be adjusted by adding a \mathstrut to each. – barbara beeton Nov 13 '17 at 21:34
@barbarabeeton - Great suggestion! I'll modify the first answer accordingly. – Mico Nov 13 '17 at 21:35
@YiFei - Using \displaystyle instead of \textstyle in the first argument of \myoverset will make a difference if the overset material contains superscripts and/or subscripts or if it contains "large" symbols such as \sum and \int. For the symbols x, y, and z, though, no change will occur. – Mico Nov 13 '17 at 21:39

score 7 · Answer 2 · answered Nov 13 '17 at 23:46

You can use a bottom aligned array:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}

\newcommand{\adorn}[2]{\begin{array}[b]{@{}c@{}}#2\\#1\end{array}}

\begin{document}

\[
A=\langle \adorn{a+b}{x},\adorn{c+d}{y},\adorn{e+f}{z} \rangle
\]

\end{document}

score 4 · Answer 3 · edited Nov 13 '17 at 21:39

4

Maybe something like this

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}

\newcommand{\Overset}[2]{%
  \mathop{#2}\limits^{\vbox to -.1ex{%
  \kern -1.4ex\hbox{$#1$}\vss}}}

\begin{document}

\[ a = \langle \Overset{x}{a + b},\Overset{y}{c + d},\Overset{z}{e + f} \rangle \]

\[ a = \langle a + b, c + d, e + f \rangle \]

\begin{document}

As you can see, I have defined a new command called \Overset.

edited Nov 13 '17 at 21:39

Mico

506,678

answered Nov 13 '17 at 21:24

Cragfelt

4,005

@Mico Please feel free to change my code to one of those solutions you propose. Be my guest! – Cragfelt Nov 13 '17 at 21:30

score 4 · Answer 4 · answered Nov 14 '17 at 11:56

Here, stackengine is suited. One can change the stack baselineskip, as shown, with the \setstackgap invocation.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{stackengine}
\newcommand\mathstack[2]{\ensurestackMath{%
  \stackengine{\Lstackgap}{{}#1{}}{#2}{O}{c}{F}{F}{L}}}
\begin{document}
\[a = \langle a \mathstack{+}{x} b, c \mathstack{+}{y} d, e \mathstack{+}{z} f \rangle\]
\setstackgap{L}{1.3\baselineskip}
\[a = \langle a \mathstack{+}{x} b, c \mathstack{+}{y} d, e \mathstack{+}{z} f \rangle\]
\end{document}

How to stack a symbol on another of same size but with no vertical centering?

4 Answers4