The endfloat package will export all the figures (LaTeX source) to a .fff file.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{endfloat}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\makeatletter
\efloat@openpost{fff}
\efloat@iwrite{fff}{\string\textwidth=\the\textwidth}% pass \textwidth to fff file
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics{example-image}
\caption{Test caption}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
Standalone can create a PDF file containing one figure/page. Labels and counter values will be lost.
\documentclass[multi=figure]{standalone}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\makeatletter
\renewenvironment{figure}%
{\def\@captype{figure}%
\minipage{\textwidth}}%
{\endminipage}
\makeatother
\let\efloatseparator=\empty
\begin{document}
\input{test5.fff}
\end{document}

This version loses the caption.
\documentclass[multi=figure]{standalone}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\renewenvironment{figure}{\ignorespaces}{\unskip}
\renewcommand{\caption}[2][]{\ignorespaces}
\let\efloatseparator=\empty
\begin{document}
\input{test5.fff}% previously created fff file
\end{document}
standalonepackage and document class: https://ctan.org/pkg/standalone – Dr. Manuel Kuehner Mar 25 '18 at 19:58