Formatting a table in a article

Question

I'm new on latex and it is complicated to do some things. I'm using a documentclass article and I have the problem in the figure.

The table is too long and the last column doesn't appear, it is in the right side of the article. I used this code:

\begin{tabular}{lccr}
\toprule
     \textit{Patient category} & \textit{Shapiro-Wilk Test} &  \textit{D’Agostino’s $K^2$ Test} & \textit{Anderson-Darling Test}\\
     \midrule 
    \textbf{HC}        & 0.993 & 0.976 & 0.145\\
    \textbf{PD ICD}    & 0.286 & 0.040 & 0.426\\
    \textbf{PD No ICD} & 0.618 & 0.605 & 0.256\\
    \bottomrule
\label{tab:t}
\end{tabular}

How can I solve it?

This is the final code (solved), but doesn't appear the caption. How want to add just it on the top of the table. Also the text after the table is not aligned with the text below the table. Finally, when I compile it return different warning and errors: undefined control sequence on \midskip... ; \caption outside float and Overfull hbox in \noindent

\noindent
    \midskip\noindent\setlength\tabcolsep{3pt} % default: 6pt
    \begin{tabularx}{\columnwidth}{@{}%
        L{0.86} C{0.95}C{1.2}C{0.99}@{}} % Note: 0.86+0.95+1.2+0.99=4.0=# of X-type cols.
    \toprule
    \mycell{} & \multicolumn{3}{c@{}}{\textbf{Test}}\\
    \cmidrule(l){2-4}
    Patient Category & Shapiro-Wilk & D'Agostino's $K^2$ & Anderson-Darling\\
    \midrule 
        HC        & 0.993 & 0.976 & 0.145\\
        PD ICD    & 0.286 & 0.040 & 0.426\\
        PD~No~ICD & 0.618 & 0.605 & 0.256\\
    \bottomrule
    \caption{Are shown the p-values for the different tests}
    \label{table:1}
    \end{tabularx}

    exampleeeeasdasd

I add:

result:

What i want:

0.976
0.040**
0.605    

Answer 1

Something like this? (You didn't provide much information, forcing me to make quite a few assumptions which may not be correct.) The proposed solution employs a tabularx environments and that line breaks occur in all four columns of the header row.

Observe that I've also removed the italics from the header row and the bold-facing from the header column -- it shouldn't be necessary to use such highlighting for a table that's this small and compact. A simple, clear layout should suffice to guide your readers' eyes.

\documentclass[twocolumn,11pt,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{newtxtext,newtxmath,booktabs,sectsty}
\paragraphfont{\mdseries\itshape}
\usepackage{tabularx,ragged2e}
\newcolumntype{L}[1]{>{\RaggedRight\hsize=#1\hsize}X}
\newcolumntype{C}[1]{>{\Centering\hsize=#1\hsize\hspace{0pt}}X}
\newcommand\mycell[1]{\smash{%
  \begin{tabular}[t]{@{}>{\RaggedRight}p{\hsize}@{}} #1 \end{tabular}}}
\begin{document}

\noindent
\paragraph{Anderson-Darling Test.} The results are summed up in the following table.

\smallskip\noindent\setlength\tabcolsep{3pt} % default: 6pt
\begin{tabularx}{\columnwidth}{@{}%
    L{0.86} C{0.95}C{1.2}C{0.99}@{}} % Note: 0.86+0.95+1.2+0.99=4.0=# of X-type cols.
\toprule
\mycell{Patient category} & \multicolumn{3}{c@{}}{Test}\\
\cmidrule(l){2-4}
& Shapiro-Wilk & D'Agostino's $K^2$ & Anderson-Darling\\
\midrule 
    HC        & 0.993 & 0.976 & 0.145\\
    PD ICD    & 0.286 & 0.040 & 0.426\\
    PD~No~ICD & 0.618 & 0.605 & 0.256\\
\bottomrule
\label{tab:t}
\end{tabularx}
\end{document}

Answer 2

Here is a slightly different approach using makecell and tabular*:

\documentclass[11pt,a4paper, twocolumn]{article}
\usepackage{lipsum} % for dummy text using \lispum. remove in actual document.
\usepackage{booktabs} % for horizontal lines with imptoved spacing
\usepackage{makecell} % for the \thead command
\usepackage{caption} % for improved spacing around captions
\begin{document}

\begin{table}
\caption{Are shown the p-values for the different tests}  \label{table:1}
\setlength\tabcolsep{0pt}
    \begin{tabular*}{\columnwidth}{@{}@{\extracolsep{\fill}}l ccc@{}}
    \toprule
    \thead[l]{Patient\\ Category} 
      & \thead{Shapiro-\\Wilk Test} 
        & \thead{D'Agostino's\\ $K^2$ Test} 
          & \thead{Anderson-\\Darling Test}\\
    \midrule 
        HC        & 0.993 & 0.976 & 0.145\\
        PD ICD    & 0.286 & 0.040 & 0.426\\
        PD~No~ICD & 0.618 & 0.605 & 0.256\\
    \bottomrule
    \end{tabular*}
\end{table}

\lipsum[1]
\end{document}

Answer 3

Another variant, using tabular*. I also took the liberty to add the tabular inside a table-environment and add a caption:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{array, booktabs, caption}
\captionsetup{singlelinecheck=off, font=raggedright, font=it,labelfont=bf, skip=0.5\baselineskip}

\newcommand{\theadl}[1]{\multicolumn{1}{l}{\small\itshape\begin{tabular}{l} #1\end{tabular}}}
\newcommand{\theadc}[1]{\multicolumn{1}{c}{\small\itshape\begin{tabular}{c} #1\end{tabular}}}
\newcommand{\theadr}[1]{\multicolumn{1}{r}{\small\itshape\begin{tabular}{r}#1\end{tabular}}}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[!ht]
\caption{Result of three tests types\label{tab:t}}

\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0pt}

\begin{tabular*}{\linewidth}{@{\extracolsep{\fill}}>{\itshape}wl{0.225\linewidth}wc{0.225\linewidth}wc{0.225\linewidth}wr{0.225\linewidth}}
\toprule
\theadl{Patient\\category} & \theadc{Shapiro \\Wilk} &  \theadc{D’Agostino’s\\$K^2$} & \theadr{Anderson-\\Darling}\\
\midrule 
HC              & 0.993 & 0.976 & 0.145\\
PD ICD       & 0.286 & 0.040 & 0.426\\
PD No ICD & 0.618 & 0.605 & 0.256\\
\bottomrule

\end{tabular*}
\end{table}
\end{document}