Boris' solution works well, but a \nameref to the section will not work correctly. Here's another that's built up on their solution.
Before \begin{document}
\makeatletter
\def\invisiblesection#1{%
\refstepcounter{section}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\protect\numberline{\thesection}#1}%
\sectionmark{#1}}
\protected@edef\@currentlabelname{#1} % Set correct name
...}
\makeatother
\invisiblesection{Blah} \label{blah}
...
\nameref{blah}
Minimum working example (MWE):
\documentclass[english]{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[latin9]{inputenc}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage[unicode=true,pdfusetitle,
bookmarks=true,bookmarksnumbered=true,bookmarksopen=true,bookmarksopenlevel=3,
breaklinks=false,pdfborder={0 0 1},backref=false,colorlinks=false]
{hyperref}
\usepackage[demo]{graphicx}
\newcommand\invisiblesectionwithoutname[1]{%
\refstepcounter{section}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\protect\numberline{\thesection}#1}%
\sectionmark{#1}\phantom{}
}
\makeatletter
\def\invisiblesection#1{%
\refstepcounter{section}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\protect\numberline{\thesection}#1}%
\sectionmark{#1}\phantom{}
\protected@edef@currentlabelname{#1} % Set correct name
}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\tableofcontents{}\clearpage{}
\invisiblesectionwithoutname{One} \label{one}
\begin{figure}
\caption{\protect\includegraphics{logo}}
\end{figure}
\clearpage{}
\invisiblesection{Two} \label{two}
\begin{figure}
\caption{\protect\includegraphics{logo}}
\end{figure}
\
Without setting correct label: \nameref{one}
With setting correct label: \nameref{two}
\end{document}
Output (\nameref):

book,report, ...? Also, do you already use a package (such astitlesecandsectsty) that may be used affect the appearance of sectioning headers. Finally, do you want to suppress the appearance of all sectioning headers (including subsections, subsubsections, etc) or "just"section-level headers? – Mico Aug 22 '12 at 15:33section-level will be fine. – BigDawg Aug 22 '12 at 15:40