Visualize embedded and immersed Klein bottle

Question

Answers at How to visualize a 4-dimensional parametric surface? give functions for producing images of 3D projections of 4D embeddings of the Klein bottle.

Is there a way to get such a 3D projection from a 4D embedding of the Klein bottle that is the customary "beer-bottle" surface used to help visualize the Klein bottle?

(For a strictly mathematical version of the question, see: https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/2946505/topological-embedding-of-klein-bottle-into-mathbbr4-that-projects-to-usual.)

Prior posts about 3D immersion of the Klein bottle do not help. I already know how to produce an image of that "standard" 3D immersion of the Klein bottle K. But as I said, I want to start with an explicit embedding function into 4D and then an explicit projection down to 3D whose image is that "beer-bottle" immersed surface.

Possible duplicate of My 3D plot of a Klein bottle doesn't look right — Vitaliy Kaurov, Oct 08 '18 at 22:57
@VitaliyKaurov: No, that post about 3D immersion of the Klein bottle does not help. I already know how to produce an image of that "standard" 3D immersion of the Klein bottle K. But as I said, I want to start with an explicit embedding function into 4D and then an explicit projection down to 3D whose image is that "beer-bottle" immersed surface. — murray, Oct 09 '18 at 00:44

score 3 · Answer 1 · answered Nov 09 '18 at 00:50

I built a continuous transformation of a Klein bottle from 4D to 3D

x[u_, v_, r_] := r (Cos[u/2] Cos[v] - Sin[u/2] Sin[2 v])
y[u_, v_, r_] := r (Sin[u/2] Cos[v] + Cos[u/2] Sin[2 v])
z[u_, v_, p_, \[Epsilon]_] := p Cos[u] (1 + \[Epsilon] Sin[v])
t[u_, v_, p_, \[Epsilon]_] := p Sin[u] (1 + \[Epsilon] Sin[v])
klein[u_, v_] := 
 Module[{bx = 6 Cos[u] (1 + Sin[u]), by = 16 Sin[u], 
   rad = 4 (1 - Cos[u]/2), X, Y, Z}, 
  X = If[Pi <= u < 2 Pi, bx + rad Cos[v + Pi], bx + rad Cos[u] Cos[v]];
  Y = If[Pi <= u < 2 Pi, by, by + rad Sin[u] Cos[v]];
  Z = rad Sin[v];
  {X, Y, Z}]
KleinBottle4D3D[p_, r_, \[Epsilon]_, \[Alpha]_, m_] := 
 ParametricPlot3D[{(x[u, v, r]), (y[u, v, r]), 
     Cos[\[Alpha]]*z[u, v, p, \[Epsilon]] + 
      Sin[\[Alpha]]*t[u, v, p, \[Epsilon]]}*(1 - m) + 
   m*klein[u, v], {u, 0, 2*Pi}, {v, 0, 2*Pi}, PlotRange -> All, 
  Mesh -> None, Exclusions -> None, Boxed -> False, Axes -> False, 
  PlotStyle -> Opacity[2/3], ColorFunction -> Hue, 
  BoxRatios -> {1, 1, 1}]

L = ListAnimate[
  Table[KleinBottle4D3D[15, 7, -1/2, Pi/4, m], {m, 0, 1, .05}]]

Visualize embedded and immersed Klein bottle

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